Malta and the rest of Europe are grappling with electricity shortages. When temperatures climb, city residents tend to seek refuge in air-conditioned, indoor spaces. That puts a major strain on electricity grids.
The electric grid is made up of the generation side and the distribution side.
The generation side is composed of local generation at the Delimara power station (537MW), the interconnector with Sicily (200MW), and local renewable energy generation (224MW at peak hours). The total electricity generated is larger than the demand for it, for the time being.
This generated electricity is distributed to the consumers via a network of underground cables and substations.
When a cable is in use, heat is generated and dissipated to the surroundings (road, air). The majority of high and medium voltage cables are buried under ground.
Due to the increase in electricity demand in summer, coupled with high ambient temperatures, the rate of heat dissipation of cables is severely impacted. This leads to failure in electrical cable insulation, especially in the weakest distribution points, which are the cable joints.
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How can this be avoided in the future?
Modernizing the grid is a hard task as most cables are underground, accessible only to Enemalta once roads are revamped, giving employees access to the cables. Only in those situations can the cables can be upgraded to meet today’s and future needs. This lack of access to the cables is what has caused an aging infrastructure.
To soften the situation, preventive maintenance should take place in off peak seasons to avoid increasing electricity outages in summer when the consumer needs electricity the most.
Meanwhile, whilst electricity supply for now is sufficient for the total demand, we should be proactive, as we can already estimate that the future consumption will be decisively higher.
One of the largest concerns will be caused by the electrification of motor vehicles, which will further add to the stress on infrastructure.
The government is already planning another interconnector to cope with this increased demand and the higher volatility in electricity consumption throughout the day. Technically, this interconnector would not have solved this week’s problems, but it will contribute to increased supply diversification and grid resilience, as we would be better tied to the European smart grid.
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